Ireland’s Rivers See Rising Nitrogen in Early 2025

Early Insights: Nitrogen Concentration Indicator – January to June 2025 report, published in September, brings a note of caution: nitrogen concentrations in Irish rivers rose by around 16% compared with the same period in 2024. While this is only a six-month snapshot, it suggests that the downward trend highlighted last year may have stalled or reversed.

 

Rivers Face Renewed Pressure

The big story is that nitrogen levels in major rivers increased in early 2025 compared with the first half of 2024. The EPA notes that this rise occurred both in catchments already identified as requiring nitrogen load reductions – mainly in the east, south and southeast – and in catchments outside those areas.

The southeast continues to show higher-than-average concentrations, but the fact that nitrogen is rising across a wider range of catchments highlights the need for continued vigilance.

Groundwater and Coastal Waters

The early-year 2025 report focuses on rivers only, so there is no new six-month update yet for groundwater or coastal and estuarine waters. Previous full-year assessments have shown that groundwater responds slowly to changes and that some coastal waters remain under nutrient pressure, issues that remain critical to watch as the year progresses.

Moorepark, Fermoy: Real-Time Nitrogen Monitoring in Action

In response to the ongoing challenge, Aquamonitrix analysers have recently been deployed at Moorepark in Fermoy, Co. Cork, in partnership with Teagasc and LAWPRO, as part of the Funshion_80 Nitrogen Surplus Evaluation Project within the wider Farming for Water EIP initiative.

This intensive dairy catchment, Funshion_80, a tributary of the Blackwater River, is a priority nitrogen catchment where agriculture is the only significant pressure on water quality. High existing nitrogen loadings mean strong potential for improvement, and multiple EPA monitoring sites already provide valuable baseline data.

Teagasc Moorepark offers soil pore water and groundwater nitrogen data alongside an on-site meteorological station, creating an ideal environment for research and demonstration.

The project’s aim is to link reductions in farm-level nitrogen surplus to measurable reductions in nitrogen concentrations and loads at the Funshion_80 catchment outlet. Aquamonitrix analysers deliver high-resolution nitrate and nitrite data, enabling accurate, low-maintenance, real-time tracking of water quality impacts. This real-time insight helps researchers and policy makers directly connect farm management actions with measurable improvements in water quality.

How Aquamonitrix Helps

At Aquamonitrix, we see this report as a real example of how better data leads to better outcomes. The EPA provides the national picture, but local progress depends on catchment-scale insights.

That is where Aquamonitrix real-time nitrate/nitrite analysers come in:

  • Detecting nutrient losses as they happen
  • Showing how rivers and drains respond to weather and land use
  • Tracking the impact of mitigation measures in real time

By delivering granular, continuous monitoring, Aquamonitrix can aid farmers, advisors, and catchment managers make smarter decisions and help turn early-year warnings into longer-term improvements.

Looking Ahead

The first half of 2025 is a reminder that progress on nitrogen reduction is not guaranteed. If the recent rise in nitrogen concentrations is to be reversed, mitigation efforts in high-risk catchments will need to be maintained and strengthened. With innovative tools like Aquamonitrix supporting on-the-ground action, there is an opportunity to respond quickly and ensure that Ireland’s rivers get back on the path to sustained water-quality improvement.

Early insights nitrogen concentration indicator Jan to Jun 2025